MHE514 Module 5 Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MHE514 Module 5 Case - Essay Example There is a need to utilize very defensive responses to diminish new terror threats. The only effective response is a dynamic system that can assess and monitor the threat and our vulnerabilities and respond convincingly. The main aim to restore the sense of safety and security available to the public before the September 11 debates. There is a need to monitor potential hotbeds of terrorism. The ubiquitous and continuous, the persistent observation of terrorist locations, combined with precision interdiction of terrorist cells is important. There is a need to neutralize the threat. The governments can invest in small gadgets that have a global positioning locator, sensor, communicator, and a computer. These devices can be distributed by the military to its different outposts throughout the country in order to give a comprehensive picture of enemy movements. Government borders must be highly friendly to trade, yet opaque to enemy transmission of goods or personnel. The tricky action is how to increase the trade flow and legitimate visitors while diminishing the number of harmful gadgets and illegal visitors. The countries can invest in better gadgets and adopt a different way of looking at things - instead of a border, a zone. This global system will track the flow of goods, with cooperation from other friendly countries. A smarter way to minimize damage from future ter

Economic Determinants of Higher Education Demand in the UK Assignment

Economic Determinants of Higher Education Demand in the UK - Assignment Example Advancement of new technologies and globalization has created complex high competitive environments in businesses. Thus, contemporary graduates commonly find occupations as programmers, journalists, primary school teachers, marketers, and retail managers. Higher education sector not only contributes to the development of country’s human resource, but also it provides a profitable business venture and a prominent source of export income to the UK (Universities UK, 2011). Therefore investigating the determinants of the demand in this sector can be beneficial to country’s economic growth. This study is focused on identifying the impact of students’ demographic characteristics on demand for higher education. It also examines the types of occupations in which graduates are significantly employed. The higher education sector in the UK comprises of universities, university colleges, specialist higher education institutions, and other higher education colleges. According to the statistics, there are 115 universities and 50 other higher education institutions in the UK. The demand for higher education derives from labor markets in UK, EU countries, and non-EU countries. The United Kingdom has a competitive advantage in providing higher education to the world due to its global reputation, elite higher education brands, historical trade and political links, the popularity of the English language and culture, and post-study employment prospects (Universities UK, 2012). These can be considered as â€Å"pull† factors (Mazzarol & Soutar, 2002). There are also â€Å"push† factors contributing to the growth of this sector. The push factors are largely generated based on the socio-political environments in the home countries of international students (Mazzarol & Soutar, 2002). Thus, changes occurring in those countries can affect the growth of higher education sector in the UK.  

Formal systematic learning is of less important than informl learning Term Paper

Formal systematic learning is of less important than informl learning. Discuss this statement with reference to theories of learning - Term Paper Example In relation to standard typology, there is a need to gain more understanding of intended learning not separately, but in connection to others. The role played by informal learning and tacit knowledge in organizations is widely acknowledged but insufficiently understood. It is one of the core premises of adult learning that adults resort to life experience to beneficial outcome in learning or training programs (Smith & Defrates-densch 2008). There is sparse previous empirical evidence regarding how this occurs, and none of which puts emphasis on tacit knowledge use and its role in the learning mechanisms and outcomes in shifting between contexts over time (Smith & Defrates-densch 2008). The need for broader recognition of skills and knowledge through informal learning is only one aspect of a debate focused on the characteristic of the purported knowledge-based economy and the ways whereby the knowledge involved is organized and applied (Moon 2004). The current debate has been intensified by economists and labor market scholars, generating new potentials for interdisciplinary engagement with learning scholars and social/educ ational specialists in attempting to understand more what it is that really makes up the knowledge-based economy and the position of informal learning in this context (Rainbird & Munro 2004). Informal learning includes accidental learning in the workplace and in areas of endeavors outside the formal economy. It may also involve intended and explicit frameworks of learning performed in any of these contexts which are not acknowledged within the system of formal education and training (Bratton, Mills, & Pyrch 2003). Informal learning has well-built tacit domains. The explicit is easily collected, organized, and communicated to others whereas the tacit is personal, subjective and experiential, and considerably harder to communicate (Evans, Hodkinson, & Unwin 2002). This paper argues

Economic Determinants of Higher Education Demand in the UK Assignment

Economic Determinants of Higher Education Demand in the UK - Assignment Example Advancement of new technologies and globalization has created complex high competitive environments in businesses. Thus, contemporary graduates commonly find occupations as programmers, journalists, primary school teachers, marketers, and retail managers. Higher education sector not only contributes to the development of country’s human resource, but also it provides a profitable business venture and a prominent source of export income to the UK (Universities UK, 2011). Therefore investigating the determinants of the demand in this sector can be beneficial to country’s economic growth. This study is focused on identifying the impact of students’ demographic characteristics on demand for higher education. It also examines the types of occupations in which graduates are significantly employed. The higher education sector in the UK comprises of universities, university colleges, specialist higher education institutions, and other higher education colleges. According to the statistics, there are 115 universities and 50 other higher education institutions in the UK. The demand for higher education derives from labor markets in UK, EU countries, and non-EU countries. The United Kingdom has a competitive advantage in providing higher education to the world due to its global reputation, elite higher education brands, historical trade and political links, the popularity of the English language and culture, and post-study employment prospects (Universities UK, 2012). These can be considered as â€Å"pull† factors (Mazzarol & Soutar, 2002). There are also â€Å"push† factors contributing to the growth of this sector. The push factors are largely generated based on the socio-political environments in the home countries of international students (Mazzarol & Soutar, 2002). Thus, changes occurring in those countries can affect the growth of higher education sector in the UK.  

Basic Accounting Assignment Essay Example for Free

Basic Accounting Assignment Essay Generally Accepted   Principles, Balance sheet, Accounts receivable, Income statement, Debt, Liability, Double-entry bookkeeping system, Accounts payable 1- Explain the collecting, recording, classifying, summarizing, analyzing and reporting process of accounting. Collecting:- Data obtained from various sources with the help of appropriate measures is called collection of data. Recording:- Arranging the data into its chronological form is called recording of data. Classifying:- Division of data according to nature of events is called classification of data. Ledger is used for classifying transactions Posting is the process of transferring transactions from journal to ledger. Summarizing:- This involves presenting the classified data in a manner which is understandable and useful to the management and other interested parties. Follow statements are prepared:- Income statement Balance Sheet Cash flow statement Analyzing:- The comparison of data in a business is called analyzing of data. For example, analyzing of present data with past data, or actual data with projected data. Reporting:- Forwarding the results to financial users like chairman, directors, managers etc. is called reporting of data. Discuss in detail the nature of accounts i. e. assets, expenses, liabilities, revenues and capital by giving examples. Assets:- The resources of a business are called assets. They are of two types:- Fixed Assets: Land, Building, Equipment, Vehicle etc. Current Assets: Cash, cash at bank, A/c receivable, debtors, prepaid expenses. Expenses:- The amount spent in a business with a view to gain profit in the future is called expense. Examples are rent expen ses, salaries expenses, advertisement expenses etc. Liabilities:- The financial responsibilities of the business for which it is liable are called liabilities. They are divided into two types:- Fixed Liabilities (Bank Loan, Bonds Payable, Mortgage Payable. ) Current Liabilities (Notes Payable, Unearned Income, Creditors. ) Capital:- The amount of money invested by the owner in the business is called capital. Revenue:- The incomes and the profits earned in the business through selling are called revenues. For example, Sales, Service revenue, Interest, commission earned. Drawings:- The amount of money taken away by the proprietor for personal benefits is called Drawings. 3- Describe the accounting rule of debit and credit for accounts like assets, expenses, liabilities, revenues and capital. Assets Increase in Asset is debit. Decrease in Asset is credit. Liabilities Increase in liabilities is credit. Decrease in liabilities is debit. Revenues Increase in revenues is credit. Decrease in revenues is debit. Expenses Increase in expense is debit. Decrease in expense is credit. Capital Increase in capital is credit. Decrease in capital is debit. Select any twenty categories from the above and identify a transaction that will have the required effect on the business. 1- Purchased Goods on credit 25,000. 2- Gave services for cash 5,000. 3- Brought cash in business 65,000. 4- Adjusting entry of out standing salaries 9000. 5- Wages wrongly debited to Sales 400. 6- Salaries wrongly debited to Drawings 600. 7- Paid to accounts payable in cash 1500. 8- Good s returned by customer worth 650. 9- Withdrew cash for personal use 550

Impact of Bank Consolidation on Small Business Lending

Impact of Bank Consolidation on Small Business Lending Review of literature According to the big bank barrier hypothesis large banks provide the credit facilities for larger clients or larger corporate businesses. Large banks are more likely headquartered in metropolitan cities near to large corporate businesses. Large banks may not able to get adequate information because the distance between large banks and small businesses are at large. It is frequently determined the credit facilities to them. Large banks do not have local based environment for relationship lending to small businesses. They are more frequently offered transaction loans for well equipped, larger and financially secure firms. (Hayes and Berney (1999)) Banks relationship lending may be based on local knowledge of small business. Large banks relatively associates with large clients. They are provided loans with high interest rates and high collateral requirements to large businesses. Small customers may not able to get loans from large banks with this high collateral requirements and high interest rates. (Berger and Udell 1996) Small banks are most likely associated with low interest rates and low collateral requirements for transaction loans to small customers. They also do have local based knowledge about small firms. Informational distance between the small banks and customers are frequently helped to small businesses. Hauswold and Marquez (2000) suggest that informational distance between the banks and small clients more often reduces relationship lending of the banks to firms. The consolidation process and bank size frequently have in significant results for small business lending. Some MAs process between the financial organizations slightly raises and rather than frequently reduces small business lending. The evidence from the China, shows that total assets of banks is partially insignificant variable for banks to take decision for small and medium business lending. Frequently, the bank’s lending power has been stimulated by the banks’ lending authority, special incentives schemes form government and powerful law enrichments that gives more credit facilities for small and medium scale businesses. Yan Shen et.al (2009) According to De yang et.al (1996), U.S banking industry has been splinted two primary groups based on asset size of banks through the changes of deregulation, technological and consolation process of banks. They are viz. very large banks and small banks. Large banks are specialized to create normalized loans with the use of hard information of small business. Small banks are specialized to give non-normalized loans with the use of soft information and development relationship lending between the small customers. In the period of 1993-2001 performance of small business lending is based on relationship lending and non-standardized loans of small banks. Smaller banks performance with small customers are more likely better than larger banks performance in the market of small business lending. However, large banks are also slightly involved to make roadways for the small business loans. They are very consistent to lend credit facilities to small business due to informational distance. (Berger et.al 2004) Consolidation process between the small and large banks slightly improves small business loans rather than more frequently reduces lending opportunities to them. After this process large banks credit facilities declines due to high interest rates and lack of informational collateral requirements. Small banks offer more credit than large banks. After the consolidation process, small banks becomes big with large banks and their credit facilities to small customers has been splinted and shared by non-bank financial institutions of the regions. Consolidation process between the small and large banks reduces small business credit positively. The large portion of small businesses credit has been lent by small banks. Small banks are after receives comparative advantage in relationship lending to small customers. As evidence from the sample of U.S at 1913 from national survey of business finance shows that probability of small firms credit facilities does not reduces in long run. However, in short run may occur disruptions to small firm lending. It explains that same firms in areas are likely to return credits lately with small banks. There are no more credit constraints available with small banks to such firms. According to Klien (1971) competition raises between the banks that are more likely to give loans on low interest rates to small customers. Competition among the banks raises that they have a less ability to lend more credit to small firms with their surplus share of funds. Banks more likely makes decision of credit facilities for small firms on period by period basis. They are less likely extended credit to small firms with their asymmetries information of banks. Rajan et.al (1995) According to Berger et.al (1998) the credit availability for small businesses are not negatively intervened by banks MAs. However, some MAs process between the large banks and bank holding companies (BHCs) have an inverse effect on small firms lending. Furthermore, small business lending has been more likely raised by MAs process among small banks. Gobbi et.al (2007) has conducted a study on Italian corporate borrowers, MAs between the banks negatively effect on small businesses lending process. Particularly, lending relationship between the banks and firms has been more likely reduced after the MAs process. Bill Francis (2008) explains that in short run the overall effect of bank consolidation is inversely related to the small business lending. This negative relationship is initially initiated by large acquirers with consolidation process. Furthermore, consolidation activity between the small and medium size banks have a positive significant effect on small business lending and new business formation. In the long run, consolidation process have a significant positive impact on small business lending that has been initiated by large or well-equipped acquiring banks. Peek and Rosengren (1997) analyze the relationship among small business and bank lending performances and bank consolidation. It argues that small business lending depends upon the banks’ capital and assets size. It is mentioned that particular mismanagement and dis-economies of scale may raise the cost expenditure of small business lending when the bank size and complexity rises. Most of the mergers and acquisitions of banks generate the welfare affects for borrowers and also rescheduled their loan portfolio for small customers. It is positively correlated with the market power and negatively impact on the credit availability for small borrowers based on the relationship lending. Peek (1997) study also gives that the other borrowers get benefit from mergers when their efficiency raises for credit availability to small customers. The larger sample of private firms has given the negative impact of credit availability to small borrowers when the bank merger rises. It suggests that small, medium banks have served more credit risk to small borrowers because they have the regional knowledge and information relationship between them. Some study also argued that relationship lending for the target bank borrowers slightly raises, but the acquiring bank borrowers frequently declines when the merger announces. (Smith et.al 2002) The above mentioned review of literature is shown that mergers and acquisitions between the small and large banks have a positive insignificant effect on the small business lending of the different nation in the world. As Concerns from India, Indian banking sector has not been well equipped to foreign banks. Small business lending of the Indian commercial banks are not been satisfactory due to more outreach section of the regions. However, small customer are not able to contact with financial institutions and their credit availability has been captured by non-bank financial institution of the regions like Marvadi, Money Lender and Jeminthar. (Hayes and Berney (1999)) (Berger and Udell 1996) Hauswold and Marquez (2000) Yan Shen et.al (2009) De yang et.al (1996) (Berger et.al 2004) Klien (1971) Rajan et.al (1995) Berger et.al (1998) Gobbi et.al (2007) Bill Francis (2008) Peek and Rosengren (1997) (Kerceski, Onegena and Smith 2002) References: Shen, Yan Shen, Minggao Xu, Zhong Bai, Ying, 2009. Bank Size and Small- and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) Lending: Evidence from China† World Development Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 800-811. Yildirim, H. Semih Philippatos, George C., 2007. Restructuring, consolidation and competition in Latin American banking markets’’ Journal of Banking Finance Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 629-639, March. Berger, Allen N. Rosen, Richard J. Udell, Gregory F., 2004. Does Market Size Structure Affect Competition? The Case of Small Business Lending† CEI Working Paper Series, 2005-8, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University. Steven G. and Craig Pauline Hardee (2007), the impact of bank consolidation on small business credit availability.’’ Journal of Banking Finance., pages12-63 Joe Peek and Eric S. Rosengren, 1997. Bank consolidation and small business lending: its not just bank size that matters.’’ Working Papers. 97-1, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. (Kerceski, Onegena and Smith 2002). Klein, Michael, 1971. A theory of the banking firm. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 3 (2), 205–218. Petersen, Mitchell A., Rajan, Ragjuran G., 1995. The effect of credit market competition on lending relationships. Quarterly Journal of Economies (May), 407–443. Berger, A.N., Saunders, A., Scalise, J.M., Udell, G.F., 1998. The effects of bank mergers and acquisitions on small business lending, Journal of Financial Economics, 50(2): 187-229. Peek, Joe, Rosengren, Eric S., 1998. Bank consolidation and small business lending: It’s not just bank size that matters. Journal of Banking and Finance 22, 799–819. Strahan, Philip E., Weston, James P., 1998. Small business lending and the changing structure of the banking industry. Journal of Banking and Finance 22, 821–845. Bill Francis, Iftekhar Hasan, Haizhi (2008) Wang Bank consolidation and new business formation’’. Journal of Banking Finance 32, 1598–1612 Allen N. Berger, Leora F. Klapper, Gregory F. Udell (2001) The Ability of Banks to Lend to Informationally Opaque Small Businesses’’ The World Bank Development Research Group Finance. policy research working paper 2656 Hauswald, R., Marquez, R., 2000. Relationship banking, loan specialization and competition, Indiana University working paper. Haynes, G.W., Ou, C., Bemey, R., 1999. Small business borrowing from large and small banks, in Business Access to Capital and Credit, edited by J.L. Blanton, A. Williams, and S.L.W. Rhine, A Federal Reserve System Research Conference, 287-327. DeYoung, R., Nolle, D.E., 1996. Foreign-owned banks in the U.S.: Earning market share or buying it? Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 28(4): 622-63 6. Berger, A.N., Udell, G.F., 1996. Universal banking and the future of small business lending, edited by A. Saunders and I. Walter, Financial system design: The case for universal banking, Burr Ridge, IL, Irwin Publishing, 559-627. Bonaccorsi Di Patti, Emilia, Gobbi, Giorgio, 2007. Winners or losers? The effects of banking consolidation on corporate borrowers. The Journal of Finance LXII (2), 669–695.

are expeaectation about childs development related to different cultures? :: essays research papers

Parental expectations of their children's development can be influenced bymany factors. factors like media, family beliefs, personal experience. Expectations come from several sources- from parents, teachers, family, peers and ourselves. All these factors relate to social and culture beliefs. Piaget stressed the importance of the environment in children's learningm seeing children as active builders of their own knowledge. The social constructive perspective on child development places main emphasis on the importance of the social environment on child development. Lev Vygotsky's findings showed that children had a great deal to learn from each other through interaction and communication. Unlike piaget, Vygotsky thought that childrem's ability should not be judged only on what they can do alone, but on what they are capable of with help. So the child may be provided with a more challenging and stimulating environment. Constructivist propose that children have qualitatively distinct w ays of thinking, feeling and behaving at different stages of development. Whiting and Edwards ( 1992) discuss the importance of cultural values and their influence on what is perceived as appropriate social behaviour.Hess et al.(1980) carried out cross-culturalstudy into the expectations of American and Japanese mothers about their children's development. He design a developmental expectation procedure to study mother's expectations. The study produced some interesting dara into the cultural differences in the two group's expectations.It showed that the Japanese mother's expectations for early achievement fell into categories of compliance, independence and emotional maturity. In contrast the American mothers expected social skills and verbal assertiveness to be ascertained at a younger age. Whiting and Edwards (1992) discussed the importance of cultural values and their influence on what is seen as an appropriate social behaviour. they explain different expectations of children's development in various cultures and why different cultures expect different things of their children. For example in a more complex society literacy would seen as the most important skills to learn. Whereas in a simple society it is likely that children will learn the physical world. It can be said that cultural needs of society strongly influence parent's expectations of their own children's development.