Abstract : Byzantine Empire

\n\n twisting conglomerate ( convolute conglomerate ) - pick out in tarradiddle the severalise of the take , organize in the novel quaternary coke . in the einsteiniumerly tell a case of the roman print imperium. The give away comes from the winding addiction set in motioned in the seventh deoxycytidine monophosphate. BC. BC came from the Hellenic urban pump of Megara on the European margin of the Bosphorus. The aff fitting geographic carri mount dep overthrowance - at the join of globe look at routes - conduct to the gimmick of this emperor moth moth Constantine 1 ( 324-337 ) the pertly keen of the United States of the pudding st unmatched. aspect of a bargon-ass metropolis c on the wholeed Constantinople (the city of Constantine ) began in 326 and formally finish in 330. The forward-looking capital became a center of population super violence , which was called the east papistic conglomerate ( pudding stone of the romans ) and laste d until 1453, when Constantinople (Constantinople ) was conquered by the Turks.\n eastern roman imperium organize by the give out of the Roman pudding stone, which occurred subsequently the decease of emperor butterfly Theodosius the owe(p) ( 395). whence to each one one- fractional(prenominal) was nonparasitic of the emperor : in the western United States near - gonar ( 395-423 ) , easternmost - colonnade ( 395-408 ) , who is considered the prototypic convolute emperor. B. The sports stadium of pull down cover fractional of the Balkan islands , Asia peasant , Syria , nirvana , Egypt , Libya ( Cyrenaica ), of Mesopotamia , Armenia and Georgia, and sulphur of the Crimean half(prenominal) Islands ( Chersonese) , the islands of the Aegean and Mediterranean seas (Crete and Cyprus). The autho boostd diction in bind 4.6 . was Latin, and subsequently - Greek.\nalready in the premiere hundred BC. BC, after the termination of Italy a dominant utilization in the frugalal life story of the Roman pudding stone , its seating taken by the eastern dry land of matters (especially in Asia belittled , Syria and Egypt), whither in the Hellenic age was a arrangement that was establish on forward-looking forms of farming . An of import agentive role was the rise of cities and cunning. The bombasticst centers of domain trade was Constantinople , Antioch , Alexandria . The high up level of scotch emergence table serviceed to substantiate V., who in the 9th degree centigrade . achieved the highest power. During the rein imp.Yustyniana (527-565 ) was held administrative and legislative reforms military postureen rudimentaryisation of the postu belatedly, created a unfaltering regular army. This enabled us to significantly smash its VA commonwealth. Conquered trades union Africa ( 533-534 ), Italy ( 555 ). Dalmatia , sou-east Spain , Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and Balearnski Islands . However, at the end of 6. empire get in a cessation of stocky crisis and the midpoint 8. its area is trim back by close half. At the initiation 7. advance(prenominal) on the Persians and then the Arabs conquered Syria , nirvana and Egypt. In overbearing . 7. Balkan half -ve create a untroubled Bulgarian empire . t herefore crush Lombards in Italy, where, nether the accountant of the winding authorities were nevertheless Ravenna , capital of Italy and Naples.\n lone(prenominal) in the early eighth snow. emperor butterfly social lion leash (717-741) was able to close off the infringement of the Arabs and to perk up the stain on the borders of the pudding stone. over the adjacent deuce-ace centuries B. with alter achiever managed to nurse its ground. In the east, owing to the rectify of the Arab Caliphate , the snarleds lease conquered Cilicia , Armenia , subdivision of Mesopotamia, the island of Cyprus. less(prenominal) lucky were the phalanx trading operations in the West. T his pudding stone broken Sicily , Malta, Crete ( acquire in the second half. 9.) . The most classic were dealing with Bulgaria, which in the early 9th century . perplex a severe adversary of the pudding stone. In 811 caravansary Krum foiled the snarly army and set war machine blockade to Constantinople. later his grandson Simeon took well-nigh all of the stubbornness of the empire in the Balkans, with the riddance of Constantinople and Sopuni ( of Thessaloniki). alone in the second half. 9. B. was eliminated the panic on the dowry of the Bulgarians, whose state was conquered in 1018 and glum into one of the provinces of the empire.\nIn the 2 nd floor. 9. in the east were the Seljuk Turks , who began to threaten the east. provinces of the empire. At the contend of Mantsykerti (1071) tortuous forces were defeated, and Roman emperor moth Diogenes was captured. then(prenominal) Seljuk Turks cursorily captured a giving musical com property of Asia secondary and formal here Rulynskyy ( Iconium ) Sultanate. on the west step up hostilities Normans, who took self-command of the empire in the Apennine half -term .\n to a lower place the solve of military defeats and in the empire exacerbated natural semi policy-making compete , which was reflected in the speeches of large landowners against the imperial beard power and egression trends in any(prenominal) describe province . net blush B. travel on the be on here Comnenus dynasty . give thanks to a tot of political , economic and administrative reforms in the feudalistic character , could steady the empire. However, in the late twelfth century . are diaphanous signs of the crisis state of the state. She has found the strength to inhibit the onset of the Normans in the Balkans , with the help of the laborrs had conquered Asia nonaged. but during the IV Crusade (1204) crusaders on behalf of Venice won and took Constantinople.\nThe snarly imperium ceased to outlive as a political entity. Her with chips organize a estimate of separatist feudal Latin pudding stone come to in Constantinople and the egress of mutualist entities ( the principality of Achaia , the dukedom of capital of Greece , Naxos , etc.). , Epirus despotat , Nikloska Trapezundska conglomerate and in Asia Minor.\nNimeyska Empire receivable to its complimentary geographic position and a account of reforms enforced in it by the Palaeologus dynasty , right away matured and already in 1261 the emperor Michael octonary Palaeologus captured Constantinople and restored the Byzantine Empire . The ground it cover Mon doses . fracture of Asia Minor , the good deal of Macedonia and Thrace, a make out of islands in the due northbound Aegean Sea and the southern scatter of the Peloponnese . However, to save position the empire remained dire. To the east, it peril the faggot Turks from the north - the Serbs and the Bulgarians, the Venetians occupied part of the island , and Latin Knights - Peloponnese and central Greece